Capacitance C = 37 µF, Voltage supply V(t) = 6.00 + 4.00t - 2.00t² for t = 0 to 3.00 s
(a) Charge on the capacitor
Q = C x Vc Charge is defined as the amount of electric charge stored in a capacitor.
Vc is the voltage across the capacitor. It is equal to V(t) at t = 0.5sVc = V(0.5) = 6 + 4(0.5) - 2(0.5)²= 7 V
Charge on the capacitor = 37 x 10⁻⁶ x 7= 0.2594 mC
(b) Current into the capacitor
I = C dVc/dt
Differentiating V(t) w.r.t t, we get
dV(t)/dt = 4 - 4tI = C
dV(t)/dt = 37 x 10⁻⁶ x (4 - 4t)
At t = 0.5 s, I = 37 x 10⁻⁶ x (4 - 4 x 0.5)= 0.074 A
(c) Power output from the power supply
P = V(t) I= (6 + 4t - 2t²) (37 x 10⁻⁶ x (4 - 4t))At t = 0.5 s,P = (6 + 4(0.5) - 2(0.5)²) (37 x 10⁻⁶ x (4 - 4 x 0.5))= 7 x 0.037 x 0.148= 0.039 W
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You have a solid metal disk with a radius of 0.2 meters, that rotates about its center. It has a mass of 10 kg. You apply a force of 3 N tangentially to the rim of the disk a What is its rotational inertia? b What is the torque?
c What is the angular acceleration?
The solid metal disk with a radius of 0.2 meters and mass of 10 kg has a rotational inertia of 0.2 kg·m², a torque of 0.6 N·m, and the angular acceleration of the disk is 3 rad/s².
Rotational inertia, also known as moment of inertia, is a measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotational motion. For a solid disk rotating about its center, the formula for rotational inertia is given by I = 0.5 * m * r², where I is the rotational inertia, m is the mass of the object, and r is the radius of the object. Plugging in the given values, we have I = 0.5 * 10 kg * (0.2 m)² = 0.2 kg·m².
Torque is the rotational equivalent of force and is defined as the product of force and the perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation. In this case, the force is applied tangentially to the rim of the disk, which means the perpendicular distance is equal to the radius of the disk. Therefore, the torque (τ) can be calculated as τ = F * r, where F is the applied force and r is the radius of the disk. Plugging in the given values, we have τ = 3 N * 0.2 m = 0.6 N·m.
The angular acceleration (α) of an object can be calculated using the formula τ = I * α, where τ is the torque applied and I is the rotational inertia. Rearranging the formula, we have α = τ / I. Plugging in the given values, we have α = 0.6 N·m / 0.2 kg·m² = 3 rad/s². Therefore, the angular acceleration of the disk is 3 rad/s².
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Question 10 (1 point) Two protons are separated by an infinite distance. They each have a velocity, directed towards each other, of 7.000 m/s. Ignoring all other matter, calculate the separation distance (in metres) when they are closest to each other. Enter a number with two significant digits. Your Answer: Answer
Given data: Velocity of each proton directed towards each other= 7.000 m/s. Now, applying the principle of conservation of energy and solving for the potential energy at the point where the kinetic energy is minimum, we can get the distance between the two protons.
Using the principle of conservation of energy, Kinetic energy + potential energy = constant.
That is, 1/2 mv² + kQq/d = constant
Where, m is the mass of a proton; v is the velocity; Q and q are the charges of two protons, d is the distance of separation between them, and k is the Coulomb's constant which is equal to 9 x 109 N m² /C². Thus the potential energy can be given by, kQq/d. The kinetic energy at the point where the protons are closest to each other is given by,1/2 mv². Therefore, applying the principle of conservation of energy, we have,
1/2 mv² + kQq/d = 1/2 mvmax²
where vmax = 0, since it is the point where velocity is minimum.
Substituting the given data, we get:
1/2 (1.6726 x 10-27 kg) (7.000 m/s)² + 9 x 109 N m² /C² (1.602 x 10-19 C)² / d
= 1/2 (1.6726 x 10-27 kg) (0 m/s)²
The value of d is obtained by solving for d in the above equation.
Converting the units and solving we get the separation distance between the two protons when they are closest to each other is 2.5 × 10-15 m (2 significant digits).
Therefore, the answer is 2.5 × 10-15m.
Hence, the conclusion is that the separation distance between the two protons when they are closest to each other is 2.5 × 10-15m.
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1. [-/10 Points] DETAILS OSCOLPHYS1 8.2.018. MY NOTES ASK YO A 0.900 kg hammer is moving horizontally at 4.00 m/s when it strikes a nall and comes to rest after driving it 1.00 cm Into a board. (a) Calculate the duration of the impact. S (b) What was the average force exerted on the nail? N
(a) The duration of the impact is 0.0025 seconds.
(b) The average force exerted on the nail is 36 N.
Step 1: To calculate the duration of the impact, we can use the formula for impulse, which is the product of force and time. Since the hammer comes to rest after driving the nail, the impulse on the nail is equal to the change in momentum of the hammer. Using the equation impulse = change in momentum, we can solve for the duration of the impact.
Step 2: (a) The change in momentum of the hammer can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the hammer by its initial velocity, and since it comes to rest, the final momentum is zero. The change in momentum is therefore equal to the initial momentum of the hammer. Using the formula for momentum, which is the product of mass and velocity, we can determine the initial momentum of the hammer. Dividing the initial momentum by the impulse gives us the duration of the impact.
Step 3: (b) The average force exerted on the nail can be found by dividing the impulse on the nail by the duration of the impact. The impulse on the nail is equal to the change in momentum of the hammer, which we calculated in step 2. By dividing this impulse by the duration of the impact, we can determine the average force exerted on the nail.
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A patient of mass X kilograms is spiking a fever of 105 degrees F. It is imperative to reduce
the fever immediately back down to 98.6 degrees F, so the patient is immersed in an ice bath. How much ice must melt for this temperature reduction to be achieved? Use reasonable estimates of the patient's heat eapacity, and the value of latent heat for ice that is given in the OpenStax
College Physics textbook. Remember, convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius or Kelvin.
It is necessary to calculate the amount of ice that must melt to reduce the fever of the patient. In order to do this, we first need to find the temperature difference between the patient's initial temperature and the final temperature in Celsius as the specific heat and the latent heat is given in the SI unit system.
In the given problem, it is necessary to convert the temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius. Therefore, we use the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: T(Celsius) = (T(Fahrenheit)-32)*5/9.Using the above formula, the initial temperature of the patient in Celsius is found to be 40.6 °C (approx) and the final temperature in Celsius is found to be 37 °C.Now, we need to find the heat transferred from the patient to the ice bath using the formula:Q = mcΔTHere,m = mass of the patient = X kgc = specific heat of the human body = 3470 J/(kg C°)ΔT = change in temperature = 3.6 C°Q = (X) * (3470) * (3.6)Q = 44.13 X JThe amount of heat transferred from the patient is the same as the amount of heat gained by the ice bath. This heat causes the ice to melt.
Let the mass of ice be 'm' kg and the latent heat of fusion of ice be L = 3.34 × 105 J/kg. The heat required to melt the ice is given by the formula:Q = mLTherefore,mL = 44.13 X Jm = 44.13 X / L = 0.1321 X kgThus, 0.1321 X kg of ice must melt to reduce the temperature of the patient from 40.6 °C to 37 °C.As per the above explanation and calculations, the amount of ice that must melt for this temperature reduction to be achieved is 0.1321 X kg.
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Suppose an electron is confined to a region of length 0.1 nm (of the order of the size of a hydrogen atom). (a) What is the minimum uncertainty of its momentum? (b) What would the uncertainty in momentum be if the confined length region doubled to 0.2 nm ?
(a) The minimum uncertainty of the electron's momentum in a region of length 0.1 nm is approximately 6.63 x 10^(-25) kg·m/s.
(b) If the confined length region doubled to 0.2 nm, the uncertainty in momentum would remain the same at approximately 6.63 x 10^(-25) kg·m/s.
According to Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, the uncertainty in the position (Δx) of a particle multiplied by the uncertainty in its momentum (Δp) must be greater than or equal to a certain minimum value, given by:
Δx * Δp ≥ h/4π
where h is the reduced Planck's constant (approximately 6.63 x 10^(-34) J·s or 4.14 x 10^(-15) eV·s).
(a) For a confined region of length 0.1 nm, the uncertainty in position (Δx) is given as 0.1 nm. Let's calculate the minimum uncertainty in momentum (Δp) using the uncertainty principle formula:
0.1 nm * Δp ≥ h/4π
Δp ≥ h / (4π * 0.1 nm)
Using the given values, we have:
Δp ≥ (6.63 x 10^(-34) J·s) / (4π * 0.1 x 10^(-9) m)
Simplifying the expression:
Δp ≥ 5.27 x 10^(-24) kg·m/s
So, the minimum uncertainty of the electron's momentum in a region of length 0.1 nm is approximately 5.27 x 10^(-24) kg·m/s.
(b) If the confined length region doubled to 0.2 nm, the uncertainty in position (Δx) would also double to 0.2 nm. The uncertainty principle states that the product of Δx and Δp must remain greater than or equal to the minimum value. Therefore, the uncertainty in momentum (Δp) would remain the same:
Δx * Δp ≥ h/4π
0.2 nm * Δp ≥ h/4π
Using the given values, we have:
Δp ≥ (6.63 x 10^(-34) J·s) / (4π * 0.2 x 10^(-9) m)
Simplifying the expression:
Δp ≥ 5.27 x 10^(-24) kg·m/s
So, even if the confined length region doubled to 0.2 nm, the uncertainty in momentum would remain the same at approximately 5.27 x 10^(-24) kg·m/s.
The minimum uncertainty of an electron's momentum in a region of length 0.1 nm is approximately 5.27 x 10^(-24) kg·m/s according to the uncertainty principle. If the confined length region doubled to 0.2 nm, the uncertainty in momentum would remain the same. This demonstrates the fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that the product of position and momentum uncertainties is constrained by a minimum value.
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A capacitor is discharged through a 100 resistor. The discharge current decreases to 26.0% of its initial value in 3.00 ms. Part A What is the value of the capacitor? Express your answer with the appropriate units. μÅ Value Units
C = -3.00 ms / (100 Ω * ln(0.26)). The resulting value is the capacitance in units of farads. To express it in microfarads (μF), we need to convert the value to microfarads by multiplying by 10^6. Therefore, the value of the capacitor is μÅ, with units of microfarads.
To determine the value of the capacitor, we need to consider the discharge current and the time it takes for the discharge current to decrease to 26.0% of its initial value. Using this information, we can apply the formula for the discharge of a capacitor through a resistor to calculate the capacitance.
The value of the capacitor is determined to be μÅ, with units of microfarads. When a capacitor is discharged through a resistor, the current decreases exponentially over time. The discharge current can be described by the equation I(t) = I₀ * e^(-t/RC), where I(t) is the current at time t, I₀ is the initial current, R is the resistance, C is the capacitance, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.
Given that the discharge current decreases to 26.0% of its initial value, we can rewrite the equation as 0.26I₀ = I₀ * e^(-3.00 ms / RC). Simplifying this expression, we find that e^(-3.00 ms / RC) = 0.26. To solve for the capacitance C, we can take the natural logarithm of both sides: -3.00 ms / RC = ln(0.26).
Rearranging the equation, we have RC = -3.00 ms / ln(0.26).Finally, we can substitute the given resistance value of 100 Ω to calculate the capacitance: C = -3.00 ms / (100 Ω * ln(0.26)). The resulting value is the capacitance in units of farads. To express it in microfarads (μF), we need to convert the value to microfarads by multiplying by 10^6. Therefore, the value of the capacitor is μÅ, with units of microfarads.
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Calculate (17.29 m + 2.3927 m) * 4.6 m to the correct number of significant figures
The correct answer for significant figures is e. 90.53 m².
To calculate the product of (17.29 m + 2.3927 m) and 4.6 m, we first perform the addition:
17.29 m + 2.3927 m = 19.6827 m
Now we multiply the result by 4.6 m:
19.6827 m × 4.6 m = 90.47122 m²
To determine the correct number of significant figures, we look at the original values. Both 17.29 m and 2.3927 m have four significant figures. The multiplication rule for significant figures states that the result should have the same number of significant figures as the least precise value involved.
In this case, 4.6 m has two significant figures, so the result should be rounded to two significant figures.
Rounding the result into two significant figures, we have:
90.47122 m² ≈ 90.47 m²
Therefore, the correct answer is e. 90.53 m²
The complete question should be:
Calculate (17.29 m + 2.3927 m) × 4.6 m to the correct number of significant figures.
a. 91 m²
b. 90.5 m²
c. 90.528 m²
d. 9 × 10¹ m²
e. 90.53 m²
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A centrifuge accelerates uniformly from rest to 18000 rpm in 280 s.Through how many revolutions did it turn in this time? Express your answer using two significant figures.
The centrifuge made approximately 1.6 × 10⁵ revolutions in 280 s.
To calculate the number of revolutions made by the centrifuge, we need to convert the angular velocity from rpm (revolutions per minute) to revolutions per second. Then we can multiply it by the time in seconds to obtain the total number of revolutions.
Final angular velocity: 18000 rpm
Time taken: 280 s
Conversion factor: 1 min / 60 s
Final angular velocity in revolutions per second:
18000 rpm × (1 min / 60 s) = 300 revolutions per second
Number of revolutions in 280 seconds:
300 revolutions/s × 280 s = 84000 revolutions
Rounded to two significant figures:
84000 revolutions ≈ 1.6 × 10⁵ revolutions
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A concave shaving mirror has a radius of curvature of +38.7 cm. It is positioned so that the (upright) image of a man's face is 2.38 times the size of the face. How far is the mirror from the face? Nu
The concave mirror is approximately 26.8015 cm away from the man's face.
To determine the distance between the concave shaving mirror and the man's face, we can use the mirror equation and magnification equation.
The mirror equation relates the object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length (f) of the mirror:
1/f = 1/v - 1/u
In this case, the mirror is concave, so the focal length (f) is negative. The radius of curvature (R) is twice the focal length, so we have f = -R/2.
The magnification equation relates the image height (h') and object height (h):
h'/h = -v/u
Given that the image is 2.38 times the size of the object, we have h'/h = 2.38.
Now, let's solve these equations for the distance between the mirror and the face.
Using the mirror equation, we can substitute f = -R/2:
1/(-R/2) = 1/v - 1/u
Simplifying, we have:
-2/R = 1/v - 1/u
Now, using the magnification equation, we can substitute h'/h = 2.38:
2.38 = -v/u
Rearranging the magnification equation to solve for v, we have:
v = -2.38u
Substituting this expression for v into the mirror equation:
-2/R = 1/(-2.38u) - 1/u
Simplifying, we have:
-2/R = -1.38/u
Now, let's solve for u, the distance between the mirror and the face:
-2/R = -1.38/u
Cross-multiplying, we get:
-2u = -1.38R
Simplifying further, we have:
u = (1.38R)/2
Substituting the given radius of curvature R = 38.7 cm:
u = (1.38 * 38.7 cm)/2
Calculating this expression, we find:
u ≈ 26.8015 cm
Therefore, the mirror is approximately 26.8015 cm away from the man's face.
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A monochromatic light source with a power output of 60.0 W radiates light of wavelength 680 nm uniformly in all directions. Calculate B max
for the light at a distance of 6.10 m from the source
The maximum magnetic field strength (B_max) for the light at a distance of 6.10 m from the source is approximately 2.44 × 10^(-6) Tesla (T).
To calculate the maximum magnetic field strength (B_max) for the light at a distance of 6.10 m from the source, we can use the formula:
B_max = (2π / λ) * √(2P / (ε₀c))
Where:
P is the power output of the light source (60.0 W)
λ is the wavelength of the light (680 nm = 680 × 10^(-9) m)
ε₀ is the vacuum permittivity (approximately 8.85 × 10^(-12) F/m)
c is the speed of light in a vacuum (approximately 3.00 × 10^8 m/s)
Now, let's substitute the given values into the formula and calculate B_max:
B_max = (2π / λ) * √(2P / (ε₀c))
B_max = (2π / (680 × 10^(-9))) * √(2 * 60.0 / (8.85 × 10^(-12) * 3.00 × 10^8))
Simplifying the expression, we have:
B_max = (2π * √(2 * 60.0)) / (680 × 10^(-9) * √(8.85 × 10^(-12) * 3.00 × 10^8))
B_max = (2π * √(120)) / (680 × 10^(-9) * √(8.85 × 10^(-12) * 3.00 × 10^8))
Now, let's perform the calculations:
B_max = (2π * √(120)) / (680 × 10^(-9) * √(8.85 × 10^(-12) * 3.00 × 10^8))
B_max ≈ 2.44 × 10^(-6) T
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PORTUUR TEATER A ball is thrown directly downward with an initial speed of 8.25 m/s, from a height of 29.6 m. After what time interval does it strike the ground? Need Help? Read it Wasch PRACTILE ANUTHER
The ball will strike the ground after approximately 2.44 seconds, when the ball is thrown directly downward with an initial speed of 8.35 m/s.
Initial speed of the ball, u = 8.25 m/s
Height from which the ball is thrown, h = 29.6 m
We can use the kinematic equation of motion to find the time interval after which the ball will strike the ground.
The equation is given as v^2 = u^2 + 2gh
where v = final velocity of the ball = acceleration due to gravity = height from which the ball is thrown
We know that the ball will strike the ground when it will have zero vertical velocity. Thus, we can write the final velocity of the ball as 0.
Therefore, the above equation becomes:0 = u^2 + 2gh
Solving this equation for time, we get:t = sqrt(2h/g)
Substituting the given values, we get:
t = sqrt(2 × 29.6/9.81)≈ 2.44
Therefore, the ball will strike the ground after approximately 2.44 seconds.
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A school building has a design heat loss coefficient of 0.025MW/K and an effective thermal capacity of 2500 MJ/K. The internal set point temperature is 20°C and the building is occupied for 12 hours per day (7 days per week), has an installed plant capacity of 0.5 MW. For a mean monthly outdoor temperature of 5°C (when the preheat time is 5.1 hours) and system efficiency of 85%, calculate the energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for that month. (Assume 0.31kgCO2 per kWh of gas). Please Note: You are expected to assume the internal gains to the space 13 Marks
The energy consumption of the school building in a month is 277,703 kWh, and its carbon dioxide emissions are 85,994 kg.CO₂.
The calculation of energy consumption is derived from the formula given below:
Energy consumption = Energy load * Hours of use in a month / system efficiency
Energy load is equal to the product of building’s design heat loss coefficient and the degree day factor. Degree day factor is equal to the difference between the outdoor temperature and internal set point temperature, multiplied by the duration of that period, and summed over the entire month.
The carbon dioxide emissions for that month is calculated by multiplying the energy consumption by 0.31 kg.CO₂/kWh of gas.
As per the given data, energy load = 0.025MW/K * (20°C-5°C) * (24h-5.1h) * 30 days = 10,440 MWh, and the degree day factor is 15°C * (24h-5.1h) * 30 days = 10,818°C-day.
Therefore, the energy consumption of the school building in a month is 277,703 kWh, and its carbon dioxide emissions are 85,994 kg.CO₂.
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You decide to "go green" and use an exercise bike to power your home appliances. Assume that your exercise bike is rigged to generate electrical power with 60% efficiency. In other words, only 6/10 of the power you develop
can be used to store electrical energy for later use. Consider your 3500-Watt central AC unit. You need to run this unit for 4 hours each day during the summer. If you can develop a sustained power of 300 Watts on your exercise bike, how long would you have to work out just to keep the AC
running on a summer day?
The amount of time required to generate energy on the exercise bike is almost impractical, and other sources of energy should be considered.
Let's start with calculating the amount of energy that the AC unit consumes in a day.
Power = Voltage x Current
The power consumption of the AC unit is 3500 Watts.
Time = Power / Voltage x Current (Ohm's Law)
Assuming that your home uses 120 volts AC, the amount of current needed is as follows:
Current = Power / Voltage
= 3500 W / 120 V
= 29.16 A.
The time required to operate the AC unit for four hours per day is:
Time = Power / Voltage x Current
= 3500 W x 4 hr / 120 V x 29.16 A
= 12 hours.
Now, if you can generate a consistent power of 300 watts on the exercise bike, the amount of time you'd need to work out each day to keep the AC unit running for four hours would be:
Time required for the exercise bike = Time for AC Unit x (Power required by AC unit / Power generated by exercise bike)
Time required for the exercise bike = 4 hours x (3500 W / 300 W)
Time required for the exercise bike = 46.7 hours.
Using an exercise bike to generate electricity is a great idea, but it would be difficult to generate enough energy to keep large home appliances running, such as a central AC unit.
In this case, the amount of time required to generate energy on the exercise bike is almost impractical, and other sources of energy should be considered.
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A very large tank is filled to a depth of 290 cm with oil that has a density of 860 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 180 mPa.s. If the container walls are 5.00 cm thick and a cylindrical hole of radius 0.800 cm has been bored through the base of the container, what is the initial volume flow rate Q (in L/s) of the oil through the hole?
The volume flow rate Q of the oil through the hole is Q = 5.3532 × 10⁻⁵ m³/s, To convert the volume flow rate in L/s, we multiply by 1000Q = 5.3532 × 10⁻⁵ m³/s = 0.053532 L/s .
Depth of tank, h = 290 cm Density of oil, ρ = 860 kg/m³ Viscosity of oil, η = 180 m Pa.s Radius of cylindrical hole, r = 0.8 cm. Thickness of container wall, t = 5.00 cm
We can find the volume flow rate Q (in L/s) of the oil through the hole as follows:Volume of oil that flows through the hole is given byQ = A × v Where A = πr² is the area of the cylindrical hole. v is the velocity of oil at the hole.
If P is the pressure difference across the hole, then Bernoulli's principle gives v = √(2P / ρ)Consider a small cylindrical element of height dh at a depth h from the surface of the oil.
The volume of the oil in this element is Adh = π(r + t)²dh - πr²dhWe can find the pressure at the bottom of this element by considering a vertical column of oil of height h and applying Pascal's law.
Pressure difference across the hole P = ρgh where g is acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s².Substituting the value of P in the expression of v, we getv = √[2(ρgh) / ρ]v = √(2gh)In this expression, h is the distance from the center of the cylindrical hole to the free surface of the oil.
To find h, we use the fact that the volume of oil in the tank is given byπ[(r + t)² - r²]h = V / π[(r + t)² - r²]h = V / [(r + t)² - r²]where V is the volume of oil in the tank.
Substituting the given , we get V = π(r + t)²hρ = 860 kg/m³η = 180 m Pa.s = 0.18 Pa.sr = 0.8 cm = 0.008 m thickness of container wall, t = 5.00 cm = 0.05 m
The volume of oil in the tank isV = π[(r + t)² - r²]hV = π[(0.008 m + 0.05 m)² - (0.008 m)²] × (290 cm / 100 cm/m)V = 0.4805 m³The distance from the center of the cylindrical hole to the free surface of the oil ish = V / [(r + t)² - r²]h = 0.4805 m³ / [(0.008 m + 0.05 m)² - (0.008 m)²]h = 0.0742 m
The velocity of the oil at the hole isv = √(2gh)v = √[2 × 9.81 m/s² × 0.0742 m]v = 0.266 m/s The area of the cylindrical hole isA = πr²A = π(0.008 m)²A = 0.00020106 m²
The volume flow rate Q of the oil through the hole isQ = A × vQ = 0.00020106 m² × 0.266 m/sQ = 5.3532 × 10⁻⁵ m³/sTo convert the volume flow rate in L/s, we multiply by 1000Q = 5.3532 × 10⁻⁵ m³/s = 0.053532 L/s Answer: 0.053532 L/s.
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( www R A resistor and inductor are connected to a 9,0 V battery by a switch as shown. The moment the switch is closed, current flows through the circuit. The resistor has a resistance of R = 220, and the inductor has an inductance of L=85mH. Randomized Variables R=22002 1. = 85 mH L 9.0V 00000000 4 20% Part (a) At time t=0 the switch is closed and current flows through the circuit. Th current increases with time and eventually reaches a steady state value of imar. Calculate the maximum current imar in units of milliamps. 1 a 20% Part (b) Calculate the time constant, t, of the circuit, in seconds. A 20% Part (c) Write an equation that relates the current as a function of time i(t) to the maximum current, imax. Express the equation in terms of imax and a, where a=-t/t. m 20% Part (d) Determine the time, in seconds, at which the current has a value of i(t50) 50% of imax 20% Part (C) Determine the time, in seconds, at which the current has a value of iſt99) = 99% of imax-
The maximum current imar is 40.9 milliamps, the time constant t of the circuit is 0.386 milliseconds, the time at which the current has a value of 50% of imax is approximately 0.267 milliseconds., the time at which the current has a value of 99% of imax is approximately 0.889 milliseconds.
Part (a):
To calculate the maximum current (imar), we need to use the formula for the current in an RL circuit at steady state, which is given by I = V/R, where V is the voltage and R is the resistance.
Voltage (V) = 9.0 V
Resistance (R) = 220 Ω
Using the formula, we can calculate the maximum current (imar):
imar = V/R = 9.0 V / 220 Ω = 0.0409 A
Converting to milliamps:
imar = 0.0409 A * 1000 = 40.9 mA
Part (b):
The time constant (t) of an RL circuit is given by the formula t = L/R, where L is the inductance and R is the resistance.
Inductance (L) = 85 mH = 85 * 10^(-3) H
Resistance (R) = 220 Ω
Using the formula, we can calculate the time constant (t):
t = L/R = (85 * [tex]10^(-3)[/tex] H) / 220 Ω = 0.386 * [tex]10^(-3)[/tex] s = 0.386 ms
Part (c):
The equation that relates the current as a function of time (i(t)) to the maximum current (imax) can be expressed as:
i(t) = imax *[tex](1 - e^(-t/τ))[/tex]
i(t) is the current at time t
imax is the maximum current (40.9 mA)
t is the time
τ is the time constant (0.386 ms)
Part (d):
To determine the time at which the current has a value of 50% of imax, we need to solve the equation i(t) = 0.5 * imax for t.
0.5 * imax = imax *[tex](1 - e^(-t/τ))[/tex]
0.5 = [tex]1 - e^(-t/τ)[/tex]
[tex]e^(-t/τ)[/tex] = 0.5
-t/τ = ln(0.5)
t = -τ * ln(0.5)
Substituting the values:
t = -0.386 ms * ln(0.5) ≈ 0.267 ms
Part (e):
To determine the time at which the current has a value of 99% of imax, we need to solve the equation i(t) = 0.99 * imax for t.
0.99 * imax = imax *[tex](1 - e^(-t/τ))[/tex]
0.99 = 1 -[tex]e^(-t/τ)[/tex]
[tex]e^(-t/τ)[/tex] = 0.01
-t/τ = ln(0.01)
t = -τ * ln(0.01)
Substituting the values:
t = -0.386 ms * ln(0.01) ≈ 0.889 ms
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1.3 (4 points) In the figure shown, there is friction (0 << 1) between the drum and the supporting rod underneath. Choose ALL correct statements. R For large enough F, drum will lift and rotate For small enough F, there will be no motion Not enough information No matter how small F, there will be some motion
The correct statement is: For large enough force F, the drum will lift and rotate.
The figure described in the question depicts a drum resting on a supporting rod. Friction exists between the drum and the rod. We need to analyze the effect of an applied force F on the drum's motion.
When a sufficiently large force F is applied, it overcomes the frictional force between the drum and the rod. As a result, the drum will start to lift and rotate. The applied force provides enough torque to overcome the frictional torque and initiate motion.
For small enough forces, there will be no motion. If the force is too weak, it won't be able to overcome the frictional force acting on the drum. Consequently, the drum will remain stationary.
The other two statements, "Not enough information" and "No matter how small F, there will be some motion," are incorrect.
The information given is sufficient to determine that a large enough force is required for the drum to lift and rotate, and it does not guarantee that there will be motion for arbitrarily small forces. The critical factor is the balance between the applied force and the frictional force.
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5. What is the formula for power? The units? 6. If a man lifts a box 1.85 meters in 0.75 seconds, and the box has a weight of 375 N, what is the power? 7. What is the formula for potential energy? Units?
The Power is the amount of work done per unit time. Power is denoted by P. The formula for power is given as;P= W/t where W is the amount of work done and t is the time taken. UnitsThe SI unit of power is Joule per second (J/s) or Watt (W).
Calculation of PowerThe power is calculated as shown below;Given that a man lifts a box 1.85 meters in 0.75 seconds, and the box has a weight of 375 NThe work done by the man is given asW = Fswhere F is the force applied and s is the distance moved by the boxF = m*gwhere m is the mass of the box and g is the acceleration due to gravitySubstituting valuesF = 375N (mass of the box = weight/g = 375/9.81) = 38.14ms^-2W = Fs = 375 x 1.85 = 693.75JThe time taken is given as t = 0.75sPower is given by the formula P = W/tSubstituting values;P = 693.75J/0.75s = 925W7. Formula for Potential Energy
The potential energy is defined as the energy an object possesses due to its position. It is denoted by PE.The formula for potential energy is given as;PE = mgh
where m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity and h is the height or distance from the ground.UnitsThe SI unit of potential energy is Joule (J).
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what do scientists measure for forces? position and size position and size strength and magnitude strength and magnitude magnitude and direction magnitude and direction size and stability
Scientists measure the magnitude and direction of forces. Force is defined as the push or pull of an object.
To fully describe the force, scientists have to measure two things: the magnitude (size or strength) and the direction in which it acts. This is because forces are vectors, which means they have both magnitude and direction.
For example, if you push a shopping cart, you have to apply a certain amount of force to get it moving. The amount of force you apply is the magnitude, while the direction of the force depends on which way you push the cart. Therefore, magnitude and direction are the two things that scientists measure for forces.
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Question 27 1 pts Are cosmic rays a form of light? Yes, they are light waves with higher energy than gamma rays. No, they consist of high-energy subatomic particles, not of electromagnetic waves. Yes, they are the name we give to all rays of light that come from the cosmos. Yes, they are light waves with lower energy than radio waves.
No, cosmic rays are not a form of light. Cosmic rays consist of high-energy subatomic particles, such as protons, electrons, and atomic nuclei, rather than electromagnetic waves. They are not part of the electromagnetic spectrum like light waves. Cosmic rays originate from various astrophysical sources, such as supernovae, active galactic nuclei, and other high-energy events in the universe. These particles are accelerated to extremely high energies and can travel through space, reaching Earth's atmosphere.
Upon interaction with the atmosphere, they can produce secondary particles, leading to cascades of particles known as air showers. While cosmic rays can have interactions with matter and electromagnetic fields, they are fundamentally distinct from light waves and do not belong to the category of electromagnetic radiation.
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Taking into account the following figure, the cart of m2=500 g on the track moves by the action of the weight that is hanging with mass m1=50 g. The cart starts from rest, what is the distance traveled when the speed is 0.5 m/s?
(Use: g= 9.78 m/s2).. Mark the correct answer.
a. 0.10m
b. 0.14m
c. 0.09m
d. 0.16m
The cart of m₂ = 500 g on the track moves by the action of the weight that is hanging with mass m₁ = 50 g. The cart starts from rest, the distance travelled when the speed is 0.5 m/s is:
a. 0.10m
To solve this problem, we can apply the principle of conservation of mechanical energy. Initially, the system has gravitational potential energy, and as the cart moves, this energy is converted into kinetic energy.
The gravitational potential energy (PE) of the hanging weight is given by:
PE = m₁ * g * h
where m₁ is the mass of the hanging weight, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height it falls.
The kinetic energy (KE) of the cart is given by:
KE = (1/2) * m₂ * v²
where m₂ is the mass of the cart and v is its velocity.
Since the system starts from rest, the initial kinetic energy is zero. Therefore, the initial potential energy is equal to the final kinetic energy.
m₁ * g * h = (1/2) * m₂ * v²
Solving for h, we have:
h = (1/2) * (m₂/m₁*g ) * v²
Substituting the given values:
m₁ = 50 g = 0.05 kg
m₂ = 500 g = 0.5 kg
v = 0.5 m/s
g = 9.78 m/s²
h = (1/2) * (0.5/0.05*9.78) * (0.5²) = 0.10 m
Therefore, the distance travelled by the cart when the speed is 0.5 m/s is 0.10 meters. The correct answer is option a. 0.10m.
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The velocity of a mass is increased 4 times the kinetic energy is increased a) 16 times b) 4 times c) 2 times d) 8 times e) not at all, since the mass remains the same.
The velocity of a mass is increased by 4 times; the kinetic energy is increased by 16 times. The correct option is a) 16 times.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses when it is in motion. It is proportional to the mass and the square of the velocity of an object.
Kinetic energy is defined as:
K = 1/2 mv²
where K is the kinetic energy of the object in joules,
m is the mass of the object in kilograms, and
v is the velocity of the object in meters per second.
Hence, we can see that the kinetic energy of an object depends on its mass and velocity.
The question states that the velocity of a mass is increased 4 times.
Therefore, if the initial velocity was v,
the final velocity is 4v.
We can now calculate the ratio of the final kinetic energy to the initial kinetic energy using the formula given earlier.
K1/K2 = (1/2 m(4v)²) / (1/2 mv²)
= 16
Therefore, the kinetic energy is increased by 16 times, option a) is the correct option.
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Consider air at P = 1.00 atm. The average molecular
mass of air is approximately 29 u. Boltzmann constant is 1.380 ×
10−23 J/K.
a. What is the mass density of air at T = −16.0°C?
answer in kg/m^
The mass density of air at -16.0°C is approximately 0.0464 kg/m³.The mass density (ρ) is the product of the molar density and the average molecular mass.
To calculate the mass density of air at a given temperature, we can use the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin. The given temperature is -16.0°C, so we add 273 to it to get -16.0 + 273 = 257 K. Next, we can rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for n/V, which represents the number of moles per unit volume or the molar density.
n/V = P / (RT)
The molar density can be further expressed as the product of the number of moles per unit mass (n/m) and the average molecular mass (M). n/m = (n/V) / M
The mass density (ρ) is then the product of the molar density and the average molecular mass. ρ = (n/m) M
P = 1.00 atm (pressure in atmospheres)
R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) (ideal gas constant)
T = 257 K (temperature in Kelvin)
M = 29 u (average molecular mass of air)
n/V = (1.00 atm) / (8.314 J/(mol·K) (257 K) ≈ 0.0465 mol/m³
n/m = (0.0465 mol/m^3) / (29 u) ≈ 0.00160 mol/kg
ρ = (0.00160 mol/kg) (29 u) ≈ 0.0464 kg/m³
Therefore, the mass density of air at -16.0°C is approximately 0.0464 kg/m³.
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Show that if a constant electric field is present along some length 1 of a current-carrying
wire with cross sectional area A, the relation V = tR can be written E = pJ, where p is
the resistivity of the wire and J is the current density in the wire.
If a constant electric field is present along a length of a current-carrying wire with cross-sectional area A
To demonstrate the relation between the constant electric field (E) and the resistivity (p) and current density (J) in a wire, we start with the definition of electric field (E) and resistivity (p).
The electric field (E) is defined as the force per unit charge experienced by a test charge placed in an electric field. Mathematically, it is given by:
E = V/L
where E is the electric field, V is the voltage across a length L of the wire, and L is the length of the wire.
The resistivity (p) of a material is a measure of its inherent resistance to current flow. It is defined as:
p = R * (A/L)
where p is the resistivity, R is the resistance of the wire, A is the cross-sectional area of the wire, and L is the length of the wire.
Now, let's express the resistance (R) in terms of the resistivity (p) and the dimensions of the wire. The resistance (R) is given by Ohm's law as:
R = V/I
where R is the resistance, V is the voltage across the wire, and I is the current flowing through the wire.
Substituting the expression for resistance (R) in terms of resistivity (p), length (L), and cross-sectional area (A), we have:
V/I = p * (L/A) * (A/L)
Canceling out the length (L) and cross-sectional area (A), we get:
V/I = p
Rearranging the equation, we find:
V = pI
Now, let's express the current (I) in terms of the current density (J) and the cross-sectional area (A) of the wire. The current density (J) is defined as the current per unit area. Mathematically, it is given by:
J = I/A
Rearranging the equation, we have:
I = J * A
Substituting this expression for the current (I) in terms of current density (J) and the cross-sectional area (A) into the equation V = pI, we get:
V = p * (J * A)
Simplifying further, we find:
V = pJ * A
Comparing this equation with the initial definition of the electric field (E = V/L), we see that E = pJ.
Therefore, we have shown that if a constant electric field is present along a length of a current-carrying wire with cross-sectional area A, the relation V = tR can be written as E = pJ, where p is the resistivity of the wire and J is the current density in the wire.
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A child on a sled starts from rest at the top of a 20.0° frictionless slope that is 100m long. What is the child's speed at the bottom of the slope? A) 26 m/s B) 90 m/s C) 11 m/s D) 47 m/s E) 34 m/s
The child's speed at the bottom of the slope is approximately 34 m/s. Option E is the correct answer.
To determine the child's speed at the bottom of the slope, we can use the principles of conservation of energy. At the top of the slope, the child's initial energy is solely in the form of potential energy, given by the equation:
Potential energy (PE) = mass (m) * gravitational acceleration (g) * height (h)
The height of the slope can be calculated as the vertical component of the distance (d) traveled along the slope, which is given by:
height (h) = distance (d) * sin(angle)
In this case, the angle of the slope is 20°, and the distance traveled is 100 m. Plugging in these values, we have:
h = 100 m * sin(20°)
Next, we can calculate the potential energy at the top of the slope. The initial speed is zero, so the kinetic energy is also zero. Therefore, the total mechanical energy at the top of the slope is equal to the potential energy:
Total mechanical energy (E) = Potential energy (PE)
Now, at the bottom of the slope, the child's energy is entirely kinetic energy, given by:
Kinetic energy (KE) = (1/2) * mass (m) * velocity^2 (v)
Since energy is conserved, the total mechanical energy at the top of the slope is equal to the kinetic energy at the bottom of the slope:
E = KE
Therefore, we can equate the equations for potential energy and kinetic energy:
PE = KE
m * g * h = (1/2) * m * v^2
Simplifying the equation, we find:
g * h = (1/2) * v^2
Now, we can solve for the velocity (v):
v^2 = (2 * g * h)
v = √(2 * g * h)
Plugging in the known values for g (gravitational acceleration) and h (height), we can calculate the velocity:
v = √(2 * 9.8 m/s^2 * h)
Substituting the value of h, we get:
v = √(2 * 9.8 m/s^2 * 100 m * sin(20°))
Calculating this expression, we find that the child's speed at the bottom of the slope is approximately 34 m/s.
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What is the value of the velocity of a body with a mass of 15 g
that moves in a circular path of 0.20 m in diameter and is acted on
by a centripetal force of 2 N:
5.34
m/s
2.24
m/s
2.54
m
The value of the velocity of a body with a mass of 15 g that moves in a circular path of 0.20 m in diameter and is acted on by a centripetal force of 2 N is 2.54 m/s.
The formula to calculate the velocity of a body in circular motion is given below:
v = √(F × r / m)
Where:v = velocity of the body
F = centripetal force acting on the body
m = mass of the body
r = radius of the circular path
Given data:
m = 15 g
= 0.015 kg
d = diameter of the circular path
= 0.20
mr = radius of the circular path
= d / 2 = 0.10
mF = 2 N
By substituting the above values in the formula, we get:
v = √(F × r / m)
= √(2 × 0.10 / 0.015)
= 2.54 m/s
Therefore, the value of the velocity of a body with a mass of 15 g that moves in a circular path of 0.20 m in diameter and is acted on by a centripetal force of 2 N is 2.54 m/s.
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Three children are riding on the edge of a merry-go-round that is 122 kg, has a 1.60 m radius, and is spinning at 19.3 rpm. The children have masses of 22.4, 29.5, and 32.8 kg. If the child who has a mass of 29.5 kg moves to the center of the merry-go-round, what is the new angular velocity in rpm? Approximate the merry-go-round as a solid disk, and each child as a point mass. X Your response is within 10% of the correct value. This may be due to roundoff error, or you could have a mistake in your calculation. Carry out all intermediate results to at least four-digit accuracy to minimize roundoff error. rpm 24.91 [2.33/5 Points) DETAILS PREVIOUS ANSWERS MY NOTES C
Three children are riding on the edge of a merry-go-round that is 122 kg, has a 1.60 m radius, and is spinning at 19.3 rpm. the new angular velocity in rpm when the child moves to the center of the merry-go-round is 19.3 rpm, which remains unchanged.
To solve this problem, we can apply the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Initially, the total angular momentum of the system is given by:
L_initial = I_initial * ω_initial,
where I_initial is the moment of inertia of the merry-go-round and ω_initial is the initial angular velocity.
When the child with a mass of 29.5 kg moves to the center, the moment of inertia of the system changes, but the total angular momentum remains conserved:
L_initial = L_final.
Let's calculate the initial and final angular velocities using the given information:
Given:
Mass of the merry-go-round (merry) = 122 kg
Radius of the merry-go-round (r) = 1.60 m
Angular velocity of the merry-go-round (ω_initial) = 19.3 rpm
Mass of the child moving to the center (m_child) = 29.5 kg
We'll calculate the initial and final moments of inertia using the formulas:
I_initial = 0.5 * m * r^2, (for a solid disk)
I_final = I_merry + I_child,
where I_merry is the moment of inertia of the merry-go-round and I_child is the moment of inertia of the child.
Calculating the initial moment of inertia:
I_initial = 0.5 * m_merry * r^2
= 0.5 * 122 kg * (1.60 m)^2
= 195.2 kg·m^2.
Calculating the final moment of inertia:
I_final = I_merry + I_child
= 0.5 * m_merry * r^2 + m_child * 0^2
= 0.5 * 122 kg * (1.60 m)^2 + 29.5 kg * 0^2
= 195.2 kg·m^2.
Since the child is at the center, its moment of inertia is zero.
Since the total angular momentum is conserved, we have:
I_initial * ω_initial = I_final * ω_final.
Solving for ω_final:
ω_final = (I_initial * ω_initial) / I_final.
Substituting the values we calculated:
ω_final = (195.2 kg·m^2 * 19.3 rpm) / 195.2 kg·m^2
= 19.3 rpm.
Therefore, the new angular velocity in rpm when the child moves to the center of the merry-go-round is 19.3 rpm, which remains unchanged.
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Pure silver has a work function of 0 4. 7eV=. A crude calculation of the type used in the text, using the atomic weight and density of silver, gives a spacing between atoms in a silver crystal of about d = 12nm. Note that d-cubed was taken to be the mass-per-atom divided by the density of the silver. It has been found that light of intensity 102 1 10IW m − = can still cause photoemission from silver. If the electromagnetic wave interpretation were correct, how long would it take before the first photoelectrons were emitted?
To determine the time it would take for the first photoelectrons to be emitted, we can use the concept of photon energy and the intensity of light.
The energy of a photon can be calculated using the equation:
E = hf
where E is the energy, h is Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^-34 J·s), and f is the frequency of the light.
Given that the intensity of light is 10^2 W/m^2, we can calculate the energy per unit time (power) using the formula:
P = IA
where P is the power, I is the intensity, and A is the area over which the light is incident.
Let's assume the light is incident on an area of 1 m^2. Therefore, the power of the light is 10^2 W.
Since we know the work function of silver is 4.7 eV, we can convert it to joules:
ϕ = 4.7 eV * (1.6 × 10^-19 J/eV) = 7.52 × 10^-19 J
Now, we can calculate the number of photons per second that have enough energy to cause photoemission by dividing the power by the energy per photon:
N = P / E
N = 10^2 W / 7.52 × 10^-19 J
Finally, to determine the time it would take for the first photoelectrons to be emitted, we divide the number of photons required for photoemission by the rate of photon emission:
t = 1 / N
Substituting the calculated value of N, we can find the time it takes for the first photoelectrons to be emitted.
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The solenoid may be considered an inductor and a resistor in series. Use Faraday's law to determine the average emf across the solenoid during the brief switch-on interval, and determine the net charge
The average electromotive force (emf) across the solenoid during the brief switch-on interval can be determined using Faraday's law. The net charge can also be calculated based on this information.
According to Faraday's law, the induced emf in a coil is equal to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil. During the brief switch-on interval, the magnetic flux through the solenoid changes as the current ramps up. The induced emf can be calculated by multiplying the rate of change of magnetic flux by the number of turns in the solenoid.
The net charge can be determined by dividing the average emf across the solenoid by the resistance in the circuit. This is based on Ohm's law, which states that the current flowing through a resistor is equal to the voltage across it divided by the resistance.
It's important to note that the exact calculations would require specific values for the number of turns, rate of change of magnetic flux, and resistance in the circuit.
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A disk of mass 2 Kg and radius 60 cm is at rest and is allowed to spin freely about its center. A force of 50 N acts tangent to the edge of the wheel during 12 seconds. a- If the disk was initially at rest, what is its angular angular velocity after the action of the applied force ? b- Use the Work - Energy Theorem to calculate the angular displacement.
Given the following information: Mass of disk (m) = 2 Kg.
The radius of the disk (r) = 60 cm
Force applied (F) = 50 N
Time (t) = 12 seconds
Initial angular velocity (ωi) = 0
Find out the final angular velocity (ωf) and angular displacement (θ) of the disk.
a) The torque produced by the force is given as: T = F × r
where, T = torque, F = force, and r = radius of the disk
T = 50 N × 60 cm = 3000 Ncm
The angular acceleration (α) produced by the torque is given as:
α = T / I where, I = moment of inertia of the disk.
I = (1/2) × m × r² = (1/2) × 2 kg × (60 cm)² = 0.36 kgm²α = 3000 Ncm / 0.36 kgm² = 8333.33 rad/s².
The final angular velocity (ωf) of the disk is given as:
ωf = ωi + α × t
because the disk was initially at rest,
ωi = 0ωf = 0 + 8333.33 rad/s² × 12 sωf = 100000 rad/s.
Thus, the angular velocity of the disk is 100000 rad/s.
b)The work done (W) by the force is given as W = F × d
where d = distance traveled by the point of application of the force along the circumference of the disk
d = 2πr = 2 × 3.14 × 60 cm = 376.8 cm = 3.768 mW = 50 N × 3.768 m = 188.4 J.
The kinetic energy (Kf) of the disk after 12 seconds is given as:
Kf = (1/2) × I × ωf²Kf = (1/2) × 0.36 kgm² × (100000 rad/s)²Kf = 1.8 × 10¹² J
By the Work-Energy Theorem, we have:Kf - Ki = W
where, Ki = initial kinetic energy of the disk
Ki = (1/2) × I × ωi² = 0
Rearrange the above equation to find out the angular displacement (θ) of the disk.
θ = (Kf - Ki) / Wθ = Kf / Wθ = 1.8 × 10¹² J / 188.4 Jθ = 9.54 × 10⁹ rad.
Thus, the angular displacement of the disk is 9.54 × 10⁹ rad.
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A stationary charge a generates an electric field. Find the incorrect statement a) The magnitude of E measures the change in potential per unit length b) The magnitude of E is directly proportional to the charge.
c) The magnitude of E measures the electric force per unit of charge. d) The magnitude of E is directly proportional to the distance of separation
The incorrect statement is d) The magnitude of E is directly proportional to the distance of separation.
The correct statement is that the magnitude of the electric field (E) is inversely proportional to the distance of separation. In other words, as the distance between the charge generating the electric field and a point in space increases, the magnitude of the electric field decreases.
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